False friends in English and Mandarin.

“False friends” are words in different languages that are similar but have different meanings. From wikipedia:

False friends (French: faux amis) are pairs of words or phrases in two languages or dialects (or letters in two alphabets) that look or sound similar, but differ significantly in meaning. An example is Portuguese raro “rare” vs. Spanish raro “strange” (similarly, Spanish exquisito “exquisite” vs. Portuguese esquisito “strange”). A commonly misunderstood false friend is between the words constipation in English, and constipação (in Portuguese) where the latter means a cold in Portuguese.

English and Chinese belong to seperate and very different language groups, and phonologically sound so different that its very rare for words to be confused. It does happen, however, and I couldn’t find a decent list anywhere on the internet. Here are the ones I can think of – and I’ll be updating this whenever I encounter another.

1. 扑克 “Pūkè” is often used in Chinese to refer to playing cards. In English “poker” is the name of just one particular card game.

2. 摩托车 “Mótuō chē” is Mandarin for ‘motorbike’ – but translated directly it comes out as ‘motorcar’, which in English is just an old-fashioned way to say ‘car’. 车 is generally translated as “car” but would be better rendered as “vehicle”, as bikes (自行车), buses (公共汽车), trains (火车), vans (面包车) and trucks (卡车) are not usually described as “cars.”

3. A 餐厅 “Cāntīng” is a general name for a restaurant in Chinese, often a higher class one. A “canteen” in English hand is “a place in a factory, office, etc. where food and meals are sold, often at a lower than usual price.”

4. Chinese 风雨同舟 “Fēngyǔtóngzhōu” – literally “Same boat (in) wind and rain” means that you should stick together in hard times. The English expression “be in the same boat” means you are stuck in the same situation, and doesn’t imply charity or a public-spiritedness.

5. 抹布 “Mābù” means “rag” or “dishcloth” in Mandarin, and sounds quite like “mop” – but English “mop” would better be translated as 拖把 “tuōbǎ”.

…that’s as many as I can think of for now. Any other suggestions, as ever, are welcome.

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China, Translated

Not an accurate translation in many cases – for example “Cloud South” is just an abbreviation of “South of the Cloud Ridge Mountains” – but these are the names of China’s provinces (and autonomous regions, municipalities, special administrative regions, and, um, Taiwan) as they appear at first glance. Lots of ‘north’ ‘south’ ‘river’ ‘lake’ and ‘mountain’.

Corrections, insults, etc. welcome.

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Rain. Lots of it.

For most of July I didn’t have a VPN set up, and couldn’t post anything. At the start this wasn’t an issue as, to be fair, I hadn’t been writing much anyway (apart from the regularly scheduled Pulp blogging of course), but towards the end of the month I seemed to find myself writing something every other day. A couple of these aren’t worth putting up, but this one seems to be interesting enough, with the context (provided at the bottom) of the following week.

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21/7/2012

It’s all getting a bit one-note round here, but that’s the summer it’s been – stultifying, humid, smoggy, and frequently breaking into eight-hour storms. Today was one of the most extreme weather days I’ve seen up here, so I’m likely to turn it into a memory of how things were all the time – that’s how it generally works, isn’t it?

This morning, woken at 5.30 by M as per usual, I looked out of our 9th floor window to see smog so dense that you felt you could touch it if you reached out. Solid non-air. A few hours later I was venturing out into it, the rays of the sun having heated it up to acceptable levels. My office has an arcade full of shops under it and so I rarely need to venture outside during daytime hours. Today was no different – arriving there I knew that I most likely had nine hours before I would be outside again. What I hadn’t anticipated was my not seeing the sunlight again.

At 1.40pm I went into class with a sweltering, humid day in full progress outside. At 2.30pm I finished the class and found that the view outside the window was so dark that you could barely see the next building. The sun had been swatted out by a vast and powerful thunderstorm, which then failed to let up for, well, it’s 11pm as I write this and it’s still going strong.

There had been a plan for me and V to meet John and Demi for dinner, but it became obvious that this wasn’t going to happen. Instead I went downstairs to have a drink with John at 6pm (he works a few buildings over, and can get over to my office with only minimal time outside). The underground foyer with 7-11 and the jienbing stand was leaking heavily and required four cleaners with wheelie-bins and mops on constant standby – not very reassuring when you’re two floors underground and your workplace is eleven floors up – floors which are presumably made of the same stuff that let all this water in.

At 7.30 it was time to go home. The rain was, if anything, getting heavier, so I gave up on the bus queue and took the underground passage to the subway station. It being Saturday evening, the train wasn’t too busy – I even managed to get a seat on the second one. It was when I arrived at our closest (not close enough) tube station that the real problems began. V had earlier demanded that I break the usual rules and get a taxi. Naturally in Tongzhou this means a “black taxi” – some guy with a white estate car who charges you double the price of a real taxi. After a few minutes haggling I agreed an extortionate price of 20 kuai (£2), and was taken to the white car under the driver’s umbrella. Inside were two other people, both going to the same place.

We drove out onto the main road and immediately found ourselves in a traffic jam. The driver decided to be clever and take a side-road, but this just led to us being jammed permanently. Any small movements in the main part of the road were not generally mirrored by movements on the side. We went perhaps 50 metres in about half an hour, the driver frequently getting out of the car to walk forward and check out our chances. On one of these trips he met a man with an umbrella who described some kind of accident ahead and told us to turn around – a physically impossible request. Luckily at this point the line started moving more quickly, and after 15 minutes we’d gone another 50 metres and could take a side road. There was an odd atmosphere on the road – a combination of annoyance at the situation and relief that we weren’t out in the storm. The other drivers and passengers seemed to have a blitz spirit going, and were cutting each-other up a little less than usual.

As soon as the driver found a side-street he could take, we were off down a maze of unlit alleys which had turned into fully fledged streams. He was driving at full pelt, and was very lucky not to flood the engine. Eventually we reached the alley which we generally know as “the market” but of course it was completely deserted, save for piles of rubbish, fruit, bricks, etc., which we managed to negotiate somehow.

I only had to dash for thirty seconds to reach the door of the apartment building, and did so with a plastic bag over my head, but still I managed to arrive home drenched, and had to take a shower straight away. V and the family had been stuck inside all day, with her sister unable to make the ten-minute walk back to her house at any time in the afternoon.

Ok, now I’m tired, not really sure any of this is interesting, but it all seemed very dramatic and vivid while it was taking place, and I hope I’ve managed to get that down.

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The next morning, along with the rest of the world, I found out that it was a little more than simply a particularly long storm. Inadequate drainage had led to widespread flooding throughout the city – flooding which the local government and police had seemingly been unprepared for.

The death toll the following morning stood at 10. A day later it was 37. The last I’d heard it had reached 77. The mayor and deputy mayor have resigned. And yet everything seems to be much the same, for me at least.

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Mushroom cloud over Tongzhou

Last week I was on my way back from the centre when I saw a mushroom-shaped cloud in the sky.
It wasn’t clear whether or not this was an actual nuclear holocaust, but either way it seemed to be worth recording. Here are two pictures and a timelapse video.

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Categorisation of cooking methods in English and Chinese

British English

American English

Chinese

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Treason

Last month, during our trip to the UK , I visited Chinatown in London and took the opportunity to loudly proclaim a series of uncomfortable truths about China . Now I’m back in Beijing I feel like doing the same for England. This is quite possibly the actions of a coward, though I would hope I would feel free to talk about my homeland wherever I was. Even after a handful of years away, I am after all still a British citizen and I still have my rights. Sorry, that’s not quite right, let’s try again. I’m a British subject and I probably have the protection of 800 years of case law.
So, yes, I’ve chosen the day of the jubilee to complain about the Queen to nobody in particular. If this upsets anyone then they can just stop reading now. Could anyone really be upset? Judging by the last couple of days on the internet the answer seems, bizarrely, to be yes.
Ok, non-offended Britons, let me ask you this – why on Earth do we still have a monarch and established church in the year 2012? Is it our natural conservatism and fear of change? An undeserved sense of national superiority based on the achievements of our ancestors? A mistaken impression that outsiders admire the way we do things? Whatever it is, it would be nice to take this chance to look in the mirror and reconsider who we are and what we want from the 21st century.
There are two big arguments for keeping the Queen – the hard one (“it works”) and the soft one (“it’s ok for now”). The first of these, generally espoused by the majority of the political establishment, is that Britain’s “constitutional fudge” is a happy accident. If you were designing a new system it would seem ridiculous, but now that we’ve got it, it seems to work quite well. But does it work? Is this really the best it can be? The Queen, as head of state, has the royal prerogative – the final say over every law. Of course she doesn’t use it, but this doesn’t make the problem go away. Instead this power is passed to the Prime Minister, who is no more than the leader of the largest party in the commons. David Cameron, whose party 36.1% of voters (or 17.2% of the entire population) chose in 2010 , has the power to declare war with China, Russia or France tomorrow without so much as a commons vote. This isn’t just a glib example – these powers* are used all the time to pass legislation – have a look at this list of decisions from 2009. None of these received proper democratic scrutiny. The only justification for this absurd situation is that of “strong leadership”, the oldest excuse in the book.
The soft argument goes a bit like this; “yes, it’s a silly system, and yes we should do something about it at some point. But right now we’ve got a lot on, and isn’t the Queen doing a great job at it?” But is she? Really? Is there really nobody else out there who could be doing a better job at shaking hands and waving from a carriage? The only reason she’s “doing well” is that the only point of comparison is elected politicians, and nobody likes them. Politicians are constantly in the media spotlight. Any little thing they say, any minor indiscretion will be picked up and used by their enemies as a weapon against them. The Queen has none of this kind of exposure. We don’t know her politics, we know little about her personal character and beliefs. From what we can tell, she seems remarkably unremarkable – in 60 years she’s said and done almost nothing interesting or memorable – and why should she? She’s just one person out of 61 million, picked by nothing more than an accident of birth. Even if she’s in the top 5% there are still millions out there more deserving of the role than her, but they’ll never get the chance. None of us ever will – whatever we achieve in life we’ll always still be subjects.
Bearing that in mind, enjoy your jubilee parties everyone!

*”Statutory instruments” rather than actual “royal prerogative” – though it’s effectively the same thing.

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China Links

It’s been a couple of weeks since we got back from England, and I still haven’t really had the chance to sit down and write anything. Work’s been very busy, home life is currently baby-dominated, and we’ve all had an annoying summer cold (including the baby).
Here (to fill a gap more than anything) is a list of the most interesting China articles I found in my Google Reader in the last month. I’m not sure if it’s been a particulary eventful time here, but it certainly seems like it.

Jeremiah Jenne – The Last Scoundrels

About nationalism / patriotism in China, one of the most frustrating issues to deal with.

To Patriots: Confession of a Patriot-used-to-be

A translation of the blog post referred to in the previous article.

Melissa Chan – ‘Goodbye to China, country of contradictions’

From Al-Jazeera’s China correspondant, who was suddenly denied a permit for reasons unknown last month.

James Fallows – What Is the Chinese Dream?

Some fairly interesting questions here.

George Ding – Death of a Building: The Knock-On Effects of Knocking Down Buildings

Parts of Beijing have changed at a breathtaking pace – this is a nice, thoughtful piece on place and memory.

China on the hunt for illegal foreigners

There’s a Visa crackdown in progress right now, so English-speaking CCTV prick Yang Rui thought it would be a good idea to call his audience “foreign scum” and accuse us of “pretending to be tourists traveling around the country while actually helping Japan and Korea make maps and collect GPS data for military purposes”

Refuting China’s Nine-Dash Claim

There’s been a brief bit of scandal about China and The Phillipines squabbling over a bit of rock in the sea. This tells you pretty much all you need to know about the argument.

Evan Osnos – The Grand Tour

Just as a bit of contrast to V’s evaluation of the UK – here’s a more normal way for Chinese people to see Europe.

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First impressions of an alien land (updated)

I’ve recently returned from a trip to the UK with V and Milan. I know the place too well to write anything interesting or original on the subject, so I’ve asked V to write down what she thought. It was her first time out of China, and she’s written quite a bit, all of which I find fascinating.

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General

* I can’t believe the countryside is so neat and organised. Who takes care of it all?
* The landscape changes completely every two hours journey.
* Houses are made of bricks but can be beautiful – brick houses are ugly in China.
* English people care about making everything look nice, even grocery stores and trucks.
* There’s lots of help in public areas for women with babies and disabled people.
* English trees look arty – like a display in a gallery.

Shopping

* Supermarkets are the size of factories.
* There are aisles and aisles of fresh food and so many choices of fruit juice.
* You can buy fruit and vegetables ready-prepared in boxes.
* Baby formula is five times cheaper in the UK than in China.
* There are charity shops everywhere – selling second-hand things and the profit is not for shop keeper but for charity, so it’s easy to be charitable.
* Harrods is a magnificent building, inside of course the people’s smiles are just regular sales manner. The point is China has some huge shopping malls, but they are just gaudy, covered in advertisements and logos trying to catch your eye. The famous window displays show a good sense of humour.

People

* English old women make themselves up, put on skirts and tights even on cold days and wear red lipstick.
* People behave nicely in public, I feel relaxed interacting with strangers.
* Meeting James’s grandmother felt like meeting the Queen.
* In the wedding of my sister-in law, English relationship of relatives seems not so distant. Generally Western society emphasises independence of individual life, so we heard relatives’ relationships are cool in western countries. Maybe just I am lucky to meet the close-knit family. I guess it is credited to James’s grandma since I heard James’s grandmother ruled the family before.

Houses

* Most houses in England are more than fifty years old, and look as good as new. Even houses over 100 years old are well maintained and people still live in them. It is incredible in China, only a few cultural relics can be so lucky to be taken care of.
* I love large kitchen / dining rooms with high ceilings
* Kitchens and bathrooms are always so clean, like a five star hotel.
* Why do so many people have water filters when you can drink the water?
* There are pictures and mirrors on the walls in every house I visited, it looks common in England.
* People really treasure their family history – you can always see old photos on the walls. Not only photos for immediate family, but also extended family like family’s sister or brother or grandparents, and the pictures show them when they are young. In Chinese homes, if you can see photos of older generations on the walls, looking like they never had youth in their pictures, they just look so old and serious that they scare children.
* It is quite funny that every house has the same few large rubbish bins like in the Chinese park. Is it helpful for waste sorting? Anyway, they are really much more serious about waste sorting.

Food

* I like English food, but it can be too rich, perhaps I’d better stick to more simple food until I’m used to it.
* I liked
– Cheeses, particularly the ones with fruit inside and some blue cheese.
– Fresh parsnips (these are just used dried as medicine in China)
– Breakfast cereals
– Fresh salmon (much cheaper than in China)
– Dried fruit (so many choices, much more meaty)
– Good crisps
* People drink fruit juice all the time. In China imagine drinking real fruit juice every meal! It’s too expensive.
* Fish and chips is really good, for English food.
* English breakfast is good food when you are ravenous, or you have a good appetite.
* I heard European countries are good at making deserts, especially cakes, but in the UK it’s not easy to find a amazing baker. This is why the UK is an outsider in Europe?
* English salad is beyond our imagination of western style. It is completely fresh leaves with vinegar and oil, no sauce like thousand Island dressing or mayonnaise, and the leaves look like they’re alive in the salad bowl. By the way, I like this style, just fresh and simple.

Places

* Bexhill reminds me of a French movie. I still think about it when I walk around Beijing. It’s a romantic and peaceful place for young people. Why do old people live there? Are they all romantic? I’m from a landlocked province, and I always look forward to being close to the sea.
* Brighton was nice but couldn’t really enjoy it thanks to English rain.
* James’ friends in Brighton were a big surprise for me. It’s exciting to talk to them, they are not formal and stereotypical, even the older people.
* Often I’ve seen some beautiful and quiet country scenes on tv or on greeting cards. I wish I could have been there. Herefordshire is exactly that place, but I wish there had been in better weather so I could’ve seen more.
* There’s a medieval Gothic style Cathedral, and flat-topped hills with grass, nice lakes and rivers can be seen everywhere. It is a landlocked area, but not as boring as mainland China. I am sure it is really good for young couples with kids to live there, make you peaceful, no mood-swings – the hand-made rural lifestyle. Maybe that’s why James’s father lives there.
* Whitbourne was my favourite place to live – it is old enough to take my long life to imagine and stay with it.
* Even on a first visit, York seems to be a very old city. It reminds me of Viking people in old legends, but everything seems very convenient, I enjoyed shopping there.
* I liked the small town and countryside more than London, but London stands for the UK, so I should get to know it. Also, as a big city, compared to Beijing, London seems to connect to people living urban lives. I can walk through every street in London, even lie down on the lawn in the center of London. Why is this special? Because this is the open place in London, you can really breathe with this city, you can feel existence with this city. Our lawns are usually in parks, but behind a wall.
* The transport in London is too expensive, but it’s nice to walk
* When I saw some old movie poster on the wall of a cinema in London I really felt overjoyed because I heard of but never saw art cinemas in China. Now I’ve seen that I can watch a whole series of films by one director, if I have time. This is never possible in China.
* I love Victoria Station, especially the glass roof and the way you could see the trains arrive on the platforms inside. It takes you back to the golden age of the Industrial revolution, no rain no wind only sunshine. It gives me so much sense of security.

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Beijing Places – Agricultural Exhibition Centre

It was one of those odd names you hear on the subway. “Military Museum.” “Beijing Workers’ Gymnasium.” “Agricultural Exhibition Centre.” Hangovers from the seventies and eighties, just hearing these places mentioned reminds you that, for all the skyscrapers and flaunting of wealth, you’re still living in a communist state, of a sort. If this were my holidays I might get off the train and find out where I was, but now this is just my home, and I have to get to work, or get home, so the thought is fleetingly forgotten.

Then, one cold winter morning, my wife suggests we actually go there. Why? To buy agricultural products. Food, in other words. Festivals are approaching, and mountains of snacks are required for entertaining purposes. So off we go, taking along both her parents and the baby.

We take a bus followed by a couple of tube trains. Line ten has an announcer with a drawling Midwestern accent – “Agricultural Exhibition Cennurr.” We’ve arrived! Beijing’s subway system was not designed with prams in mind, and it is with no small amount of effort that we carry everything up the steps and emerge into the unseasonably clear, freezing Beijing morning. We pass through the immense iron gates and, in typical Chinese style, find our way down an unsignposted side path to the exhibition cennurr proper.

We pay ten quai each for tickets and get inside the structure. It looks very much like a temporary building, somehow left standing for much longer than was planned. V’s mother, not usually the most cheerful of people, becomes immediately excited at the sight of all the stalls. We all meander off, trying and buying.
Each section belongs to one of China’s 22* provinces. This proves to be a good running joke as we all tend to wander away from each-other, having to phone everyone to meet up every fifteen minutes. “Where are you?” “Shandong.”

This stall mainly sells dried fish. When I was in Zhuhai I once asked a ‘business English’ class to make a plan for an import/export business. They came back with the idea of sending shiploads of dried fish to the USA. I’m not entirely convinced.

Apparently goji berries are a big deal in the west now, a “superfood”, whatever that’s supposed to mean. I’d never seen them before I first came to China in 2006. There are plenty here, if anyone wants some then now is a very good time to ask.

In 2010 I went with V to another market, similar to this one but in a ridiculously inconvenient place and largely deserted. There I tried basil seeds for the first time. Instead of growing the seeds into plants, the idea is to add them to boiling water, wait until they turn into frogspawn, then drink the resultant concoction. The taste isn’t entirely unpleasant. V had never seen this before 2010, so I suspect it may be a new invention – or perhaps just a Northern thing.

If you had told the ten-year-old me that I’d be perfectly happy eating salty egg custard filled with miniature shrimp, shells-and-all, I would never have believed it. But here we are. How many dried shrimp are in this box? Lots. And then some.

Unsurprisingly there are plenty of teas on sale. I like teas, I have too many teas, I can’t buy more teas.

Here we have dried lotus seeds and a few other ingredients needed to make ‘sweet soup’. There may be a better name in English for this breakfast dish, but we don’t know it. You also need dried white fungus (again this must have a better name), goji berries and plenty of sugar. Also in the picture: V’s mother’s hand.

Honey is very cheap in China, suspiciously cheap in fact. I have a hunch that it’s unlikely to be 100% real, a feeling borne out by eating plenty of the stuff. These three barrels, however, contain a substance which almost certainly is the real deal. Each tastes distinctly of a different flower. All three are delicious, and I blow most of my food budget buying a large jar. I like honey.

Another thing I’d never seen before I came to China is people actually making oil. This isn’t unique to specialist food markets – there are two separate stalls making bottles of oil in our local market. For some reason people are suspicious of commercial oil around these parts. Hand-made oil is just not reasonably priced, though, so we’ll just have to keep taking the risk.

One of Beijing’s most popular street foods is roasted chestnuts, and they are still (just about) in season at the time of our visit. We stop to try one, and it’s good enough for us to forget the ridiculous price and buy a bag – a bag with a picture of an old man with a long beard and a hat. Then we turn around and there he is. V is still quite surprised when I take this picture.**

On our way toward the exit we come across a stall selling a strangely shaped yellow fruit. “Does it taste good?” “No, but you can make a healthy tea with it.” I’ve heard that one before. Anyone have any idea what the hell this is?

It’s getting late when we leave, and most of the stalls have closed up for the day. On our way back to the subway station we pass a group of American tourists who are perplexed by the mass of people who have just emerged from this side street. As soon was we are past them V asks me which country they are from. Guessing nationalities is her hobby. She’s going to try it in the UK.

*Not including Taiwan here. Let’s not get into that.
**I could swear I saw the same old man on a bus in Tongzhou a couple of months later. He looked much less ebullient, much less confident. Out of his environment, perhaps. Or, let’s be honest, probably not the same old man.

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Last Night A DJ Killed My Dog Podcast #29 – Year Of The Dragon

Yup, bit late with this one, sorry. It took ages.

Last Night A DJ Killed My Dog Podcast #29 – Year Of The Dragon <— right-click here to download

The music you can hear is:

1. A Challenge Of Honour – The Dragon's Breath (0.00)
2. Tan Dun – Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (0.02)
3. Monkey – The Dragon King (0.03)
4. Jah Wobble and the Chinese Dub Orchestra – Dragon and Phoenix (0.05)
5. Lee "Scratch" Perry – Flames of the Dragon (0.06)
6. Rhythm Doctors – Temple of the Dragon (0.08)
7. Tenor Diamond vs L-Judas – Dem A Dragon (0.11)
8. DJ Red – Enta Da Dragon (0.15)
9. High Tone – Enter The Dragon (0.19)
10. Kottonmouth Kings – Dragon Slayer (0.24)
11. Nicki Minaj – Roman's Revenge (feat. Eminem) (0.27)
12. Sugarhill Downtown Orchestra – Like a Dungeon Dragon (0.32)
13. Tin Hat Trio – Blind Paper Dragon (0.35)
14. Einstürzende Neubauten – Drachen (0.40)
15. Tyrannosaurus Rex – Dragon's Ear (0.43)
16. Deerhoof – Red Dragon (0.46)
17. Corpus Delicti – Dragon Song (0.49)
18. Suede – So Young (0.52)
19. Yeah Yeah Yeahs – Dragon Queen (0.56)
20. Rick Nelson – Fire Breathin' Dragon (1.01)
21. Sufjan Stevens – Year Of The Dragon (1.04)

The spoken bits in between the tracks are mostly from the 'Komodo Dragon' episode of the BBC radio series Last Chance To See, but there are a few other ones, see if you can spot them.

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